After spending several memorable days in Georgia, my journey through the Caucasus continued across the border into Armenia. While the two countries share centuries of intertwined history, Christian heritage, and breathtaking mountain scenery, I immediately noticed how the landscape began to change. Georgia’s valleys, dense forests, and vineyard-covered hills gradually gave way to Armenia’s terrain, characterized by dramatic highlands, rocky mountains, and vast open plains.
The drive itself felt like a transition between two distinct personalities. Georgia welcomed me with its vibrant greenery and charming countryside, while Armenia greeted me with contemplative beauty shaped by ancient monasteries and volcanic landscapes. This journey would eventually lead me to discover a country that is both ancient and enduring, where every monastery tells a story, every landscape evokes reflection, and every encounter reveals the warmth of the Armenian people.
Table of Contents
What you need to know about Armenia
- It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan to the south.
- While Armenia is geographically located in the South Caucasus, it views itself as part of Europe and is generally considered geopolitically European.
- Christianity first appeared in Armenia in the 1st century AD, with the arrival of two of Jesus’ twelve apostles – Thaddaeus and Bartholomew.
- It is widely recognized as the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion in 301 AD, making faith an integral part of Armenian identity and culture.
- The name has traditionally been derived from Hayk (Հայկ), the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah, who, according to the 5th-century AD author Movsis Khorenatsi, defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC and established his nation in the Ararat region.
- The iconic Mount Ararat, although located in present-day Turkey, remains the national symbol of Armenia and is visible from many parts of the country.
- Armenian cuisine features dishes such as khorovats (barbecue), dolma, lavash bread, and an array of fresh fruits, nuts, and traditional sweets.
- Most travelers visit Armenia for its monasteries, history, scenic drives, mountain villages, and authentic cultural experiences rather than luxury tourism.
- The local currency is the Armenian Dram (AMD), and cash remains useful in smaller towns and rural areas.
- Armenia experiences four distinct seasons, with spring and autumn generally considered the best times to visit due to pleasant weather and colorful landscapes. Summers are hot, dry and sunny, lasting from June to mid-September. The temperature fluctuates between 22 and 36 °C. Winters are quite cold with plenty of snow, with temperatures ranging between −10 and −5 °C.
- Lake Sevan is the second largest lake in the world relative to its altitude, at 1,900 metres (6,234 ft) above sea level.
- Armenians have their own distinct alphabet and language, which is the only official language. The alphabet, invented by Mesrop Mashtots, consists of thirty-nine letters, three of which were added during the Cilician period.
- English is increasingly spoken in tourist areas, although Armenian remains the official language and Russian is widely understood.
- Armenia is a representative parliamentary democratic republic. According to the current Constitution of Armenia, the President is the head of state holding largely representational functions, while the Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises executive power.
- The capital, Yerevan, is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities and serves as the country’s cultural, political, and economic center.
Crossing the Georgia–Armenia Border
One of the highlights of this trip was experiencing a land border crossing between Georgia and Armenia. Instead of flying, I opted for a private day tour that took me from Tbilisi to Yerevan and back, allowing me to appreciate the changing landscapes and rural communities along the way. For the entire experience, including transportation and guiding services, I paid approximately 600 Georgian Lari (GEL).
The immigration process was straightforward. Upon reaching the border, all passengers were required to leave the vehicle and proceed to the Georgian immigration checkpoint to complete exit formalities. After receiving the exit stamp, we returned to the vehicle and crossed a short neutral zone before arriving at the Armenian immigration facility.
At the Armenian side, travelers again disembarked and proceeded to the immigration counters for entry clearance. The officers checked passports and supporting documents where necessary before granting entry. The entire process was organized and efficient, though waiting times can vary depending on the season and the number of travelers crossing.
The return journey from Armenia to Georgia followed essentially the same process in reverse: exit immigration in Armenia, cross the neutral zone, and complete entry procedures in Georgia. Like at the airport, Georgian border is stricter. At some point, they asked what my job is and how much money I currently have for that trip.
Visa
Citizens of many countries can enter visa-free for tourism purposes, while others may need to obtain an e-Visa or secure a visa before arrival. As immigration policies can change over time, travelers should always verify the latest requirements through their eVisa Issuance System before making travel arrangements. I had eVisa. I recommend you printing still the eVisa as suggested by the email you will receive.
What to do
Admire the Beauty of Lake Sevan
Often referred to as the “Jewel of Armenia,” Lake Sevan is one of the largest high-altitude freshwater lakes in the world. The deep blue waters, surrounded by mountains, create a landscape that feels more like a sea than a lake. Visitors can enjoy lakeside walks, photography, boat rides, or simply relax while taking in the tranquil scenery.
Visit Sevanavank Monastery
Overlooking Lake Sevan, Sevanavank is one of Armenia’s most iconic monasteries. Dating back to the 9th century, the complex offers breathtaking panoramic views of the lake and surrounding countryside. The climb to the monastery is relatively short but rewards visitors with some of the best viewpoints in the country.
Like many popular heritage sites in Armenia, the area around Sevanavank is lined with small souvenir stalls selling local handicrafts, religious items, magnets, and traditional Armenian keepsakes. During my visit, I purchased two souvenirs that reflect important aspects of Armenia’s natural and cultural heritage, a volcanic stone souvenir and a pomegranate refrigerator magnet, which my mom requires me always to buy for her everytime I visit a country or city.
The volcanic stone souvenir is particularly meaningful because Armenia sits within a geologically active region shaped by ancient volcanic activity. Much of the country’s dramatic landscape, including mountains, valleys, and plateaus, was formed by volcanic eruptions over millions of years.
The pomegranate magnet represents another enduring symbol of Armenia. Throughout the country, visitors will encounter pomegranates in artwork, jewelry, carpets, architecture, souvenirs, and even traditional celebrations. Armenians regard the fruit as a symbol of fertility, abundance, prosperity, and good fortune.
Explore the Forests of Dilijan
Known as the “Armenian Switzerland,” Dilijan is famous for its forests, cool climate, and charming atmosphere. Wander through the old town, admire the traditional Armenian architecture, browse local artisan shops, or simply enjoy the refreshing mountain air. The region is also a gateway to several monasteries and hiking trails.
Experience Yerevan
One of the most rewarding ways to experience Yerevan is on foot. This route takes visitors from one of the city’s most important landmarks, the Mother Armenia Monument, down to the Cascade Complex and eventually to Republic Square, allowing them to experience Yerevan’s history, architecture, parks, and vibrant urban life.
A pause at the Mother Armenia Monument
Standing proudly in Victory Park, the Mother Armenia Monument symbolizes peace through strength and commemorates Armenia’s resilience throughout its history. The massive statue overlooks the city and offers one of the best panoramic views of Yerevan, with Mount Ararat visible in the distance on clear days. The surrounding Victory Park is a pleasant place for a stroll, featuring gardens, fountains, amusement rides, and viewing platforms.
Visit Matenadaran: Armenia’s Treasury of Ancient Manuscripts
At the end of Mesrop Mashtots Avenue in Yerevan is Matenadaran, one of Armenia’s most important cultural institutions and a symbol of the nation’s deep commitment to preserving knowledge. Officially known as the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, it houses one of the world’s largest collections of medieval manuscripts, containing thousands of documents covering history, science, medicine, philosophy, literature, religion, and the arts.
The institution is named after Mesrop Mashtots, the scholar and linguist who created the Armenian alphabet in 405 AD. His invention played a crucial role in preserving Armenian identity, language, and culture through centuries of foreign rule and political upheaval.
Inside, visitors can view beautifully illuminated manuscripts, centuries-old religious texts, ancient maps, scientific treatises, and rare documents that have survived wars, invasions, and the passage of time. Many of these works were painstakingly copied by hand by Armenian monks and scholars, ensuring that knowledge was preserved for future generations.
Walk Down to the Cascade Complex
From Victory Park, make your way toward the Cascade Complex, one of Yerevan’s most recognizable landmarks. This giant stairway connects the upper and lower parts of the city and serves as an open-air museum filled with sculptures, fountains, gardens, and contemporary art installations. Climbing the Cascade rewards visitors with spectacular views, while descending offers a gradual introduction to the city’s cultural center.
Stop by the Alexander Tamanyan Statue
At the base of the Cascade stands the statue of Alexander Tamanyan, the visionary architect responsible for designing much of modern Yerevan. The area serves as a popular meeting point and is surrounded by cafés and public art.
Walk Along Tamanyan Street
Continue along Tamanyan Street, a lively pedestrian-friendly avenue lined with restaurants, cafés, outdoor terraces, and sculptures. The street captures the relaxed and social atmosphere that characterizes Yerevan.
Visit the Yerevan Opera and Ballet Theatre
A short walk brings you to the Yerevan Opera and Ballet Theatre, one of Armenia’s most important cultural landmarks. The surrounding area is often filled with families, performers, and locals enjoying the city’s public spaces.
Explore Freedom Square
Adjacent to the Opera House is Freedom Square, a major gathering place for cultural events, celebrations, and public activities. It offers a glimpse into the daily rhythm of life in Armenia’s capital.
Stroll Along Northern Avenue
From the Opera district, continue through Northern Avenue, a modern pedestrian boulevard connecting the city’s cultural center to Republic Square. The avenue is lined with shops, cafés, restaurants, and residential buildings, making it one of the most vibrant streets in Yerevan.
Beneath Northern Avenue lies Tashir Street Shopping Gallery, an underground retail and entertainment complex that provides visitors with additional shopping, dining, and leisure options while exploring the heart of Yerevan. It serves as a modern complement to the lively atmosphere found above ground along one of the city’s most famous boulevards.
Reach Republic Square
The walk concludes at Republic Square, the symbolic heart of Armenia. Surrounded by elegant pink tuff-stone buildings, the square is home to key government institutions, the History Museum of Armenia, and the National Gallery. In the evenings, the famous dancing fountains transform the square into one of the city’s most popular attractions.
Take Time to Wander
The true charm of this route lies between the landmarks. Visitors will discover hidden courtyards, local coffee shops, street musicians, public art, and countless opportunities to observe daily life. From the commanding views at Mother Armenia to the grandeur of Republic Square, this walk provides a comprehensive introduction to Yerevan’s history, culture, and character.
Mount Ararat and the Famous Ararat Brandy
No symbol is more closely associated with Armenia than Mount Ararat. Rising majestically on the horizon and visible from many parts of Yerevan, the mountain occupies a special place in Armenian history, culture, and national identity. Although Mount Ararat is now located within the borders of modern-day Turkey, it remains deeply embedded in the Armenian consciousness and is featured prominently in literature, art, souvenirs, and even the country’s coat of arms. According to biblical tradition, Mount Ararat is believed to be the resting place of Noah’s Ark after the Great Flood.
The mountain’s significance extends beyond symbolism. It has also lent its name to one of Armenia’s most famous products—ARARAT Brandy. Produced by the Yerevan Brandy Company in Yerevan, ARARAT is widely regarded as Armenia’s national drink and one of the country’s most recognizable exports. Made primarily from indigenous Armenian grape varieties and aged in Caucasian oak barrels, the brandy has earned international recognition for its rich character and smooth taste.
Today, visitors to Yerevan can tour the ARARAT Brandy Museum and distillery, learn about the centuries-old tradition of Armenian brandy production, and sample different expressions ranging from young blends to premium aged varieties. For many travelers, enjoying a glass of ARARAT while gazing toward the mountain that inspired its name is one of the quintessential Armenian experiences.
Discover Amberd Fortress
On the slopes of Mount Aragats at an elevation of over 2,300 meters, Amberd Fortress is one of Armenia’s most dramatic medieval landmarks. Its name, meaning “fortress in the clouds,” is fitting, as the site is surrounded by rugged mountains, deep gorges, and sweeping views of the Armenian highlands. Built between the 7th and 11th centuries, Amberd served as a strategic military stronghold and royal residence for Armenian noble families. The fortress was carefully positioned on a rocky promontory where the Arkashen and Amberd rivers meet, providing natural defenses against invading forces. Thick stone walls, watchtowers, and its elevated location made it one of the most formidable fortifications in medieval Armenia. Within the complex, visitors can also explore the Vahramashen Church, a beautifully preserved 11th-century Armenian church that stands beside the fortress. Together, the fortress and church offer a glimpse into Armenia’s military, architectural, and religious history.
Listen to the Symphony of Stones
Located in the Garni Gorge, the Symphony of Stones is one of Armenia’s most remarkable natural wonders. This unique rock formation consists of towering basalt columns that resemble the pipes of a giant organ, creating a scene that appears almost man-made. Formed by ancient volcanic activity and the gradual cooling of lava, the geometric patterns are a stunning example of nature’s artistry.
Explore the Ancient Garni Temple
Garni Temple is one of Armenia’s most iconic historical landmarks and the only standing Greco-Roman colonnaded temple in the former Soviet Union. Built in the 1st century AD, the temple is believed to have been dedicated to Mihr, the Armenian sun god, during the period when Armenia still practiced paganism before adopting Christianity as its state religion in 301 AD. Garni also provides a glimpse into Armenia’s transition from its pagan past to its Christian identity. While many pagan temples disappeared after the country’s conversion to Christianity, Garni survived and remains an important reminder of Armenia’s pre-Christian heritage.
Other things to do
Ride the Wings of Tatev Cable Car
One of Armenia’s most impressive engineering achievements is the Wings of Tatev cable car in the Syunik region. Spanning 5.75 kilometers across the dramatic Vorotan Gorge, it holds the Guinness World Record as the world’s longest reversible aerial tramway. The approximately 12-minute journey offers breathtaking views of cliffs, forests, and deep river valleys before arriving at the magnificent Tatev Monastery.
Visit the World’s Oldest Winery
Armenia’s winemaking tradition stretches back more than 6,000 years, and near the village of Areni lies one of the country’s most remarkable archaeological discoveries—the Areni-1 Cave Winery. Dating to around 4100 BC, it is recognized as the world’s oldest known winery, predating the Egyptian pyramids by over a millennium.
Although my time in Armenia was short, it left a lasting impression on me. What began as a side trip from Georgia turned into a journey through a country rich in history, culture, faith, and natural beauty. From the waters of Lake Sevan and the ancient walls of Sevanavank, to the bustling streets of Yerevan and the breathtaking views of Mount Ararat, Armenia offered far more than I expected in just a few days.
Even simple souvenirs, such as a piece of volcanic stone or a pomegranate magnet, carried stories deeply rooted in the country’s identity.
Armenia may be small in size, but it is immense in character. While there are still many places I was unable to visit, including Tatev Monastery and the world’s oldest winery in Areni, this brief visit gave me enough reason to return someday. Until then, I leave Armenia with beautiful memories, a deeper appreciation for its people and history, and the feeling that some of the most meaningful journeys are not necessarily the longest ones.
About the Author
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PJ is a Certified Public Accountant, writer, storyteller, and an advocate for youth empowerment and environmental protection. His passion for storytelling and social impact has taken many forms—from writing thought-provoking articles on national development, featured in a Spanish newspaper and Rappler, to producing documentaries on mining and environmental issues that aired on ABS-CBN News and GMA News.
A proud Ilocano and graduate of Northwestern University, PJ earned his degree in Accountancy then passed the CPA licensure exam in 2015. That same year, he began his professional career at KPMG in the Philippines. As an external auditor, he handled a diverse portfolio of clients, including a global workspace provider (the largest audit engagement of KPMG Philippines), a global bank, a major FMCG player, and several shared service centers.
His commitment to innovation was evident early in his career. PJ and his team won the KPMG Asia-Pacific Data & Analytics Challenge and later coached the Philippine team to a top-three finish at the KPMG GlobalRunner Cup. He went on to lead KPMG Philippines' Network of Audit Innovators and Data & Analytics Champions, as well as its academic arm. He was an active contributor to the Asia-Pacific Audit Digital Transformation Workstream and a member of both the Audit Methodology Group and the Root Cause Analysis Team. Beyond technical excellence, PJ is deeply committed to learning and leadership. He was a regular training facilitator on audit methodology, professional standards, and emerging tools in data and analytics. He also served as the Firm’s System of Quality Management (SoQM) Implementation Manager and one of its Workforce of the Future Champions.
In 2019, he contributed to the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA) as a member of its Technical Working Group on Audit Methodology. His role in shaping audit quality and innovation has left a meaningful imprint on the profession.
PJ defines success by the people he uplifts. As a mentor and coach, he invests in the growth of emerging professionals and previously served as a member of the KPMG Philippines People Committee.
He leads various community-centered advocacy projects and shares inspiring stories through his vlog, PJspirations, a platform that celebrates individuals and their journeys. As a volunteer, he serves as Academic Master and Head Coach of PREMIER International Learning and Development Center, an organization devoted to providing coaching, mentoring, and training programs that help people grow personally and professionally.
Today, PJ brings his passion and expertise to the Middle East, South Asia, and Caspian regions as part of KPMG’s Professional Practice and Audit Learning & Development team. In this role, he contributes to audit methodology advancement and learning strategy across the Middle East Cluster.
He is also a certified #IAmRemarkable facilitator, leading sessions of the global Google initiative that empowers women and underrepresented groups to celebrate their achievements.
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