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FAST FACTS: One Person Corporation in the Philippines

By on Sunday, May 5, 2019

Roadmap

The concept of a corporation with a single stockholder was introduced by Republic Act No. 11232, otherwise known as the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, which took effect in 23 February.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has released in 15 March draft guidelines listing documentary requirements for putting up a one-person corporation (OPC) and providing how ordinary stock corporations can be converted into OPCs.

In 1 May, after considering public’s comments, the SEC adopted the guidelines, rules and regulations in the establishment of an OPC, thru SEC Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 7-2019.

The SEC will start accepting applications for registration of an OPC in 6 May.

Background

Section 10 of the Revised Corporation Code paves the way for the creation of an OPC by removing the minimum number of incorporators that may organize a corporation. It further defined an OPC in Chapter III.

The Single Stockholder

The single stockholder (SS) can only be a natural person, trust or estate.

If the SS is a trustee, administrator, executor, guardian, conservator, custodian, or other person exercising fiduciary duties, proof of authority to act on behalf of the trust or estate must be submitted at the time of incorporation.

A foreign natural person may put up an OPC, subject to the applicable capital requirement and constitutional and statutory restrictions on foreign participation in certain investment areas or activities.

Who are Not Allowed to Form OPCs

A natural person who is licensed to exercise a profession may not organize as an OPC for the purpose of exercising such profession.

Banks, non-bank financial institutions, quasi-banks, pre-need, trust, insurance, public and publicly listed companies, non-chartered government-owned and -controlled corporations cannot incorporate as OPC.

The Incorporator

The incorporator must be of legal age.

Officers

The SS shall be the sole director and president of the OPC. S/he shall not be appointed as Corporate Secretary but may assume the role of a Treasurer.

The SS who assumes the position of the Treasurer shall post a surety bond (SB) to be computed based on the ACS (up to 1 million ACS = P1 million SB; up to 2 million from 1,000,001 ACS = P2 million ACS and so on; 5,000,001 ACS and above = amount of SB coverage shall be equal to the ACS).

Within fifteen (15) days from the issuance of its Certificate of Incorporation, the OPC shall appoint its officers and notify the SEC within five (5) days from appointment.

Nominee and Alternate Nominee

The SS is required to designate a nominee and an alternate nominee named in the Articles of Incorporation (AoI) who shall replace the SS in the event of the latter’s death and/or incapacity. At the end of the incapacity, the SS can resume the management of the OPC.

In case of death and permanent incapacity of the SS, the nominee will take over the management of the OPC until the legal heirs of the SS have been lawfully determined and the heirs have agreed among themselves who will take the place of the deceased.

Nominee and alternate nominee may be changed by the SS by submitting to the SEC. The AoI need not be amended.

Term of Existence

The term of existence of an OPC is perpetual. However, in the case of trust or estate, it shall be co-terminous with the existence of trust or estate.

Corporate Name

The suffix “OPC” should be indicated either below or at the end of its corporate name.

Capital Stock

Minimum capital stock is not required. Further, no portion of the authorized capital stock (ACS) is required to be paid-up at the time of incorporation.

Documentary Requirements

Only AoI is required. The same shall be filed in accordance with the requirements of Section 14 of the Revised Corporation Code. Applicants may follow the attached sample of the

The OPC is not required to submit and file its Bylaws.

Reportorial Requirements

  1. Annual audited financial statements (FS) within 120 days from the end of its fiscal year. If the total assets or total liabilities of the OPC are less than P600 thousand, the FS shall be certified only under oath by the OPC’s treasurer.
  2. A report on all explanations or comments by the President on the qualification, reservasion or adverse remarks made by the auditor in the FS.
  3. A disclosure of all self-dealings and related party transactions entered into between the OPC and the SS.

How to Apply

What are the Requirements

  1. Cover Sheet
  2. AoI
  3. Written Consent from the Nominee and Alternate Nominee
  4. Other Requirements, if applicable:
    1. Proof of Authority to Act on Behalf of the Trust or Estate (for trusts and estates incorporating as OPC)
    2. Foreign Investments Act (FIA) Application Form (for foreign natural person)
    3. Affidavit of Undertaking to Change Company Name, in case not incorporated in the Articles of Incorporation
    4. Tax Identification Number (TIN) for Filipino single stockholder
    5. TIN or Passport Number for Foreign single stockholder
  5. Filing Fees:
    1. Name Reservation – P100
    2. AoI – -1/5 of 1% of the ACS but not less than P2,000
    3. Legal Research Fee (LRF) – 1% of the Registration/Filing Fee but not less than P20
    4. FIA Application Fee – P3,000, if the SS is a foreign national
    5. Documentary Stamp – P30

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About the Author

Paul Michael Jaramillo
Paul Michael JaramilloChief Executive Editor
PJ is a Certified Public Accountant, writer, storyteller, and an advocate for youth empowerment and environmental protection. His passion for storytelling and social impact has taken many forms—from writing thought-provoking articles on national development, featured in a Spanish newspaper and Rappler, to producing documentaries on mining and environmental issues that aired on ABS-CBN News and GMA News.

A proud Ilocano and graduate of Northwestern University, PJ earned his degree in Accountancy then passed the CPA licensure exam in 2015. That same year, he began his professional career at KPMG in the Philippines. As an external auditor, he handled a diverse portfolio of clients, including a global workspace provider (the largest audit engagement of KPMG Philippines), a global bank, a major FMCG player, and several shared service centers.

His commitment to innovation was evident early in his career. PJ and his team won the KPMG Asia-Pacific Data & Analytics Challenge and later coached the Philippine team to a top-three finish at the KPMG GlobalRunner Cup. He went on to lead KPMG Philippines' Network of Audit Innovators and Data & Analytics Champions, as well as its academic arm. He was an active contributor to the Asia-Pacific Audit Digital Transformation Workstream and a member of both the Audit Methodology Group and the Root Cause Analysis Team. Beyond technical excellence, PJ is deeply committed to learning and leadership. He was a regular training facilitator on audit methodology, professional standards, and emerging tools in data and analytics. He also served as the Firm’s System of Quality Management (SoQM) Implementation Manager and one of its Workforce of the Future Champions.

In 2019, he contributed to the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA) as a member of its Technical Working Group on Audit Methodology. His role in shaping audit quality and innovation has left a meaningful imprint on the profession.

PJ defines success by the people he uplifts. As a mentor and coach, he invests in the growth of emerging professionals and previously served as a member of the KPMG Philippines People Committee.

He leads various community-centered advocacy projects and shares inspiring stories through his vlog, PJspirations, a platform that celebrates individuals and their journeys. As a volunteer, he serves as Academic Master and Head Coach of PREMIER International Learning and Development Center, an organization devoted to providing coaching, mentoring, and training programs that help people grow personally and professionally.

Today, PJ brings his passion and expertise to the Middle East, South Asia, and Caspian regions as part of KPMG’s Professional Practice and Audit Learning & Development team. In this role, he contributes to audit methodology advancement and learning strategy across the Middle East Cluster.

He is also a certified #IAmRemarkable facilitator, leading sessions of the global Google initiative that empowers women and underrepresented groups to celebrate their achievements.

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